The Showroom – Data for my thesis

I’m working on a field data set from the Mediterranean Sea. There are many intellectual reasons for working this data set. However, there are some motivate my inner child as well, let me explain.

The Specs

The data set was recorded by TGS and is of brilliant quality. Almost 8km (5mi) in offset over the entire length of a salt sheet with 11s recording time. The frequency content is quite nice for conventional acquisition. It was recorded in the Eastern Mediterranean to be more exact in the Levantine basin.

The fun reasons

1024px-20100524_Kardamos_beach_Imbros_GC3B6kC3A7eada_Turkey

Kardamos Beach. CC-BY-SA GGia

When I hear Eastern Mediterranean this will immediately trigger images as the following:

1024px-Sailing_vessel_at_sunrise_28815703083929

Sailing vessel at sunrise CC-BY-SA Valerii Tkachenko

Blue sea, nice beaches and interesting geology on wonderful islands. This may be a bit simple, but then again I’m looking at white/gray/black wiggles all day long, let it slide. It’s a happy place in my head.
Another fun one to think about is that Levante is the Italian word for sunrise.

La dolce vita.

The intellectual reasons

Enough of the pretty pictures. Why would I use exactly this data set in this geological setting.

The salt sheet in the Levantine Basin is young. Now let the geology jokes roll in, as in geology we usually say something is young when it’s only “a couple million years old”. So they were deposited around five and a half million years ago. Since then there has been comparatively little time for tectonic overprinting and the like. However, basin-ward there are some saltrollers. So in one and the same data set we can compare very simple “fresh” salt geology with some overprinted more complex setting.

Trying subsalt imaging in this rather controlled setting will provide a sandboxA sandbox is an isolated system for testing purposes. for algorithms and processing steps to test.

Salt tectonics

The salt itself is very interesting as well. The study of salt tectonics in general is pretty young (not on a geologists scale, on a “normal” human scale). In the beginning of last century salt and its overburden were considered to be fluids (on geological time scales) and buoyancy drove salt to rise through the upper sediment. At some point people started realizing that buoyancy alone could never explain the behavior of salt in our Earth. Instead of considering salt to have some sort of intrinsic motivation to rise and start some salt diapirism, nowadays, evaporites are considered to stay where they are unless there is some driving force that will cause it be displaced. Don’t get me wrong, especially here in Northern Germany, we do have the rare case that salt diapirism is actually buoyancy driven, but that is one process out of five.
This paradigm change is considered to be the change from the “fluid era” to the “brittle era”

However, salt is an excellent decoupling mechanism for tectonic stress regimes. Normally, when you look at stress fields you have a superposition of local, regional and global stress fields that act upon your area of interest.

Superposition of local (blue) and regional (red) stress fields combine their influence an a fault (purple).

When we introduce salt, we can have a look if the salt was actually decoupling our stress regimes. Usually, you can say that the regional stress acts deeper than the local stress.

Decoupling of local (blue) and regional (red) stress fields. Only regional stress field acts on fault (now red).

More will follow on salt tectonics but this topic especially in regard to the Levantine basin is so huge, it deserves it’s on article.

The challenges

I started a little on the challenges of subsalt imaging in the initial blog post about my master thesis, but let me repeat that part.

Salt Body with two features marked. One has a complex salt geometry. One is fairly simple.
Simple salt geometry still defocus the beam, lowering the illuminating energy. For simplicity only uppermost reflection shown. (Opacity shows total energy.)

This is not an accurate model of Levantine basin but it represents the general setup. You also have the two zooms with the seismic beam in both settings. As we can see the complex structure has some basic optic effects on the beam. However, the simple structure also defocuses the beam because micro-undulations in the interface are present.

Complex salt structures can cause lens effects, spreading the energy. Reflection not shown. (Opacity shows total energy.)

So it seems that the simple salt geometry would be much easier to image, as there are no strong dips and lenses. There’s only a little defocusing. That’s at least what I thought. Oh how wrong I was. In salt the degree of deformation correlates negatively with the degree of anisotropy. So when there is less deformation present in the salt sheets, the anisotropy gets turned up a notch. And as Helbig (one big author on anisotropy) once said:

Anisotropy is a nuisance!

You got to know my data a little bit. I for one am quite excited to try and get all the juicy details from this one. Let’s see how this one turns out.

The following two tabs change content below.
... is a geophysicist by heart. He works at the intersection of machine learning and geoscience. He is the founder of The Way of the Geophysicist and a deep learning enthusiast. Writing mostly about computational geoscience and interesting bits and pieces relevant to post-grad life.

Latest posts by Jesper Dramsch (see all)

Posted in Earth Science, Personal Journey and tagged , , , , , , .